Abstract Background Proteolytic Clostridium botulinum is the causative agent of botulism, a severe neuroparalytic illness.Given the severity of botulism, surprisingly little is known of the population structure, biology, phylogeny or evolution of C.botulinum.The recent determination of the genome sequence of C.botulinum has allowed comparative geno
ABSTRACT Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are immunosuppressive cells of the immune system that control autoimmune reactivity.Tregs also respond during immune reactions to infectious agents in order to limit immunopathological damage from potent effectors such as CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes.We have used the Friend virus (FV) model of retroviral infectio
The stability of the surrounding rock masses of underground powerhouses is always emphasized during the construction period.With the general trends toward large-scale, complex geological conditions and the rapid construction progress of underground powerhouses, deformation and failure issues of the surrounding rock mass can emerge, putting the safe
Recent advances in integrating microengineering and tissue engineering have enabled the creation of promising microengineered physiological models, known as organ-on-a-chip (OOC), for experimental medicine and pharmaceutical research.OOCs have been used to recapitulate the physiologically critical features of specific human tissues and organs and t